payment only or added-value features like loyalty cards and electronic receipts). through entering PIN codes, automatically downloading tokens or using body functions like fingerprint or even blood circulation patterns), while others do not make clear the service and what kind of functionality to expect (e.g. Users also face confusion with a different number of user interface standards: some of these mobile payments need to authenticate and authorize payments (e.g. The diversity of solutions leads to confusion of consumers. downloadable app from an app store or extensible wallet application). a specific SIM card, phone motherboard or cloud connectivity) while others differ on how to access the service (e.g. Users face a high variety of mobile payment services with different interface standards: some of them differ regarding which hardware is needed (e.g. Mobile payment solutions are offered in highly diverse ways: by mobile phone operators using the SIM card in the phone, handset manufacturers using chips soldered on the phone motherboard and over-the-top providers using emulation in the cloud. The high variety of coexisting mobile payment technologies and solutions without de facto standards has created high complexity in the market. In addition, societal, economic and efficiency gains have been proposed from replacing cash-based payments with mobile payments, which in turn might drive innovative business models. The attention to mobile payment has increased substantially in the past years due to the advance in the infrastructure, government regulations and new mobile devices capable of handling them. Putting that simpler, mobile payment allows users to pay for the goods or services through mobile phones. Mobile payment was first defined as the use of a mobile device to conduct a payment transaction in which money or funds are transferred from payer to receiver, either via an intermediary or directly. Nonetheless, very few of these mobile payment solutions have achieved success in the market or reached a critical mass of users. All mobile payment technologies share a common characteristic: they allow payments for services and goods using mobile phones. Also, retailers have become aware of the need to explore mobile payment due to the impact that this technology could have on purchase intention. Apple Pay, Google Wallet and PayPal are only some examples of technologies to go shopping using the mobile pone. The acceptance of mobile payments has gained attention by academics and practitioners in the last decade.
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